Technical Index:

• Appearance: Colorless to light yellow viscous state
• Density: (GB4472-84) D20 About 1.00g/cm3
• Viscosity: (GB265-70) 20 About 250mm/s

Structure：

Major Composition (Insert figure)

TC-2 is monoalkoxy-phosphate and similar to KR-12 (Kenrich Chemical Company, USA). It is surface active agent for pigment and filler and has good dispersion effect.

Range of Application

This product may be used in fillers such as light/heavy CaCO3, clay, silica and aluminum hydroxide and in pigment such as titanium white and iron oxide red. It may be used in polyolefin system (PP, PE, PVC and PS etc.) and natural rubber system, synthetic rubber system, alcohol acid system and crylic acid system.

Application

This product may be used in resin and rubber processing to improve the inorganic fillers content. It can improve the dispersion and sedimentation resistance of paint. The pigment formed is bright-colored and easy to grind. It can be used in white and light-colored product.

Dosage

0.5-2.0% of the pigments or filler's weight. And recommended volume is 1.0%. The best dosage should be determined by experiment before use.

Usage

Plastic Industry
Use liquid paraffin wax to dilute TCF (the ratio is 1:1). Then spray TCF into high-speed kneading machine and mix with fillers. Continuously stir 5-15 minutes (depend on the stirring effect) and put in resins and other assistants according to the original process.

Rubber Industry
Use 200# solvent oil or machine oil to dilute TCF (the volume of usage can be the same as the one in the original technology). Then spray TCF into high-speed mixer and mix with fillers. Continuously stir several minutes and discharge the material. Notice the heat elimination of material and avoid the material going bad.

Pigment/Coating Industry
Use 200# solvent oil or isopropyl alcohol (the ratio is 1:1) to dilute TCF and spray TCF into pigments before grinding process. After grinding you van use the original technology to process pigments.

Caution:

1.  No water contact.
2. Validity for one year (from delivery date).

To learn the relationship between the titanate structure and property will help you make the right choices of all kinds of products (varieties).

Tetravalent elements are the best molecular builders, for example, tetravalent titanic carbon forms the basis of lives. In the same way, the Titanium chemistry indicates that tetravalent Titanium makes it possible for the chemist to synthesize all kinds of titanic acid ester as coupling agent. They not only bring good coupling effect to different filler or polymer system, but also manifest other functions.

The molecular of titanate coupling agent can be divided into six functional zones, and each functional zone has its own effect in the coupling mechanism. The six mechanism zones are demonstrated as following figure:

Function zone a (RO)m--------Group to couple between inorganic substance and Titanium.

Titanate coupling agent uses its alkoxy group to directly couple with a small amount of hydroxyl or carboxyl (through chemical action) absorbed on the surface of filler or pigment.

Owing to the difference of functional zone a, different type of titanate coupling agent have been developed. Each type of titanate coupling agent has its own selectivity towards the moisture content of filler's surface.

The character of different types:

1. Monoalkoxy titanate coupling agent

Monoalkoxy titanate coupling agent causes chemical combination in the interface between inorganic powder and matrix resin. The unique property of this type of agent is that it can form monomolecular film on the surface of inorganic powder. So there is no multimolecular film on the surface of inorganic powder.

Because it still has the chemical structure of titanic acid ester, the excess coupling agent may cause the change of surface energy and great drop of viscosity. Then coupling agent can be coupled in the phase of matrix resin due to the 3 functional radicals of the coupling agent and transesterification reaction. So this is easy for the change-type of titanate molecule and selecting titanic acid ester and filling polymer system. This kind of coupling agent (except pyrophosphoric type coupling agent) is especially suitable for dry filler system (e.g. CaCO3, hydrated alumina) which only contains chemical/physical bonded water and doesn't contain free water. The mechanism of coupling is: the typical is TTS.

2. Mono-alkoxy pyrophophate coupling agent This kind of coupling agent is suitable for the filler system of high moisture content such as clay, talc and etc. when coupling with this kind system, the monoalkoxy can react with the hydroxyl radical on the surface of filler, the pyrophospboric radical can decompose into phosphate radical, combined with part of water.

3. Coordination type coupling agent This kind of coupling agent can avoid side-reaction between titanic acid ester and some system. (e.g. coupling agent reacts with hydroxyl in epoxy resin; reacts with polyalcohol or isocyanester in polyurethane.) And this kind of coupling agent is suit for many kinds of filler system and it may bring good coupling effect. The coupling mechanism of this kind of agent is like that of monoalkoxy type coupling agent.

4. Chelate type coupling agent This kind of agent is suit for filler of high moisture content or water containing polymer system such as wet SiO2, clay, talc, Al2(SiO3)3, water treated glass fiber, lamp black and etc. In such systems, chelate type coupling agent will behave well for it is in the situation of hydrolytic stability.

Functional zone b ----(---O-----)------it has the function of coupling and transesterification

This functional zone can cause the transesterification reaction with polymers which have carboxyl, or esterification reaction with carboxyl in epoxy resin, to make the coupling of three materials (filler, titanate acid ester and polymer).

The activity of transesterification reaction is controled by following factors:

1. The structure of coupling part between titanic acid and molecule inorganic substance ;
2. The chemical structure of OX radical in Functional zone c;
3. The structure of organic polymer
4. The chemical properties of other assistants (e.g. plasticizer)

When titanate is applied into thermoplastic polymer (e.g. polyolefin system), there is no transesterification reaction. But in polyesters, epoxy resins or polyvinyl chloride which contains plasticizer, the transesterification reaction has great influence. The high activity of transesterification reaction will cause the bad consequence. For example, when KR-9S (a titanate of high activity of transesterification) is added into polymers, there will comes transesterification reaction immediately and the infantine viscosity of the system will hoik. So the filler content will drop by a large margins. But when KR-12 (a titanate of low activity of transesterification) is added into polymers, there will be no effect of infantine viscosity. The transesterification will proceed along with the time. This not only causes good infantine viscosity, but also improves the filler content by a large margin.

In coating industry, we can use the titanate's transesterification mechanism to cross-link and solidify saturated polyester and alcohol acid resin. Then we can get a kind of material which doesn't become yellow color for there are no unsaturated structure in the material. Because the transesterification can bring thixotropy to the materials, the KR-9S

(relatively high activity of transesterification) has the effect of thixotropy and TTS has some ability of transesterification.

Function zone c  - OX

Radical linking with Ti atom The different OX radical may have the different effect on the coupling agent's property. For example, carbonyl may improve the solubility with semi-polar material; sulfonic group has thixotropy; sulphone radical may improve activity of transesterification; phosphate radical may improve flame-retarded property (or softening property of PVC); pyrophophato radical can absorb moisture and improve impact strength of hard PVC; phosphite ester radical can improve the antioxidation and reduce the viscosity of polyesters or epoxy resin.

Function zone d - R

Long-chain entanglement radical of the thermoplastic polymer and the organic framework of the titanate molecule.

A large number of long-chain carbon atoms improves the solubility with high polymer system and causes the change of surface energy in the interface of inorganic substance. And it has the functions of toughness and stress transferring so as to cause the reaction of the self-lubrication and largely reduce the viscosity of the system. It can also improve the manufacturing process and the elongation and tearing strength and impact property of the products. And if the R radical is aromatic radical, the solubility between aromatic polymers and titanate will be improved.

Function zone e - Y

Reaction radical of thermosetting polymers. If this kind of radical is linked with the organic framework of titanium, it will connect coupling agent with organic substance through chemical reactions. For example, double bond can cross link and solidify with unsaturated material and amino radical can cross link with epoxy resin.

Function zone f - n

It represents the titanate's degree of functionality (n may be from 1 to 3 and can be adjusted if necessary). So it can produce different effect to organic substance. In this aspect, it has more flexility than coupling agent which has three alkoxy radicals and one functional zone (e.g. silane).

From the description of above six functional zones, we can draw the conclusion that the tiatnate coupling agent is of good flexibility and multi-function. The titanate itself is coupling agent and it may be used as dispersant, wetter, bond, cross-linking agent and catalyst. And it even has the functions of rust prevention, anti-oxidation and flame-retarded. So it is better than other coupling agents and has wide range of application.

Before using coupling agent, you should measure the moisture content of the filler you use. Then you decide the specific varieties of coupling agent on the basis of the filler's moisture content and the mentioned-before coupling agent properties, e.g. monoalkoxy-coupling agent suitable for the dry filler and chelate type or mono-alkoxy pyrophophato coupling agent suitable for the wet filler.

During choosing coupling agent, you should consider polymer's melting point, crystallinity, molecular weight, polarity, aromatic character, fatsoluble property and copolymerization structure. Regarding the thermosetting polymer, you should consider the solidifying-temperature and solidifying-mechanism.

The filler's properties such as shape, specific surface, acidic/basic property, moisture content and chemical composition can affect coupling effect. By and large, the coupling effect for coarse-particle filler is not better than the fine-particle filler. But when filler is super-fine (e.g. CaCO32000 mesh), the coupling effect has the opposite case.

The dosage of coupling agent is commonly 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the material to be treated and the recommended dosage is 0.8-1.5%. But the coupling effect is not in direct proportion to the volume of coupling agent used. If the volume of coupling agent is too much, the excess coupling agent may cause the material's performance drop. (In plastic, the index of elongation and impact will drop; in coating, the adhesive force will drop by a large margin.) If the volume is too little, the coupling effect will not be good because the covering on material is not complete. So the best volume should be determined before using through experiments during the application of which is economy and effective.

Because the dosage of coupling agent is little, the coupling agent should be evenly dispersed into filler/pigment to get good coupling effect. Otherwise the coupling effect will not be good.

Usage

1. Direct mixing method

This method is to directly mix polymer, filler or pigment and other assistants with coupling agent. It is an easy method and no additional equipment is needed and the original process keeps unchanged.. The disadvantage of this method is that the dispersion of material is not ideal for there are competitive reactions among coupling agent and other assistants.

2. Method of preprocessing

This method is to pre-treating filler/pigment with coupling agent, then mix polymers and other assistants. This method has many virtues and it is especially fit for polymer of complicated composition or engineering plastics that need to be processed under relatively high temperature. This method can prevent from arising of unnecessary side-reactions. And the decomposition point of the coupling agent and filler (after treatment) will rise by a large margin.

This method can be divided into:

a. Dry mixing method:

In order to coat a small amount of titanic acid ester on the surface of pigment and filler evenly, a small amount of dilute (the ratio of dilute to coupling agent is 1:1) which can be the solvent or lubricant in the original process recipe should be added generally. If not adding, the filler can not be coated well. For example, white oil (liquid wax) can be chosen in the plastic industry, machine oil can be chosen in the rubber industry and 200# solvent oil or isopropyl alcohol in the coating industry. The processing equipment is high-speed kneading machine. In the case of high-speed stirring filler, spraying the diluted coupling agent and stirring continuously for 5-12 minutes (depend on the effect of the mixer). then, further treat the material according to the original process or discharge the material for spare use (please pay attention to cooling, if not, it is easy to cause overheat in some parts, color change of filler and the filling property decrease.

b. Wet mixing method:

For the monoalkaoxy type and co-ordination type coupling agent, you can use solvent oil, ligarine and phenol to dilute and immerse the pigment among them. Then, remove the solvent by heating or pressure degree. For the chelating type coupling agent which is water dissolvable, you can use water to dilute and immerse. Then, remove moisture. In this method, the material can couple completely. But the consumption is very large in the industrial production.

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Main Packaging For TIPT(CAS 546-68-9) and TNBT(CAS 5593-70-4)

1. 200L Iron Drum

2. 1000L IBC Bulk

Note: 

1.TIPT(CAS 546-68-9)'s density is 0.95, so it is 190KG/200L Iron Drum, 950KG/1000L IBC.

2. TNBT(CAS 5593-70-4) 200KG/200L Iron Drum, 1000KG/1000L IBC.